Polyphenols to Replace Current GLP-1 Drugs: Targeting Obesity and Diabetes
Polyphenols, commonly found in plant-based foods like fruits, vegetables, seeds, coffee, and tea, are known for their health benefits despite being poorly absorbed by the body. These bioactive compounds interact with bitter taste receptors (T2R) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, triggering the release of hormones that regulate blood sugar and appetite.
Graphical abstract. Credits: Naomi Osakabe et al., 2024
A research team led by Professor Naomi Osakabe from Shibaura Institute of Technology investigated how polyphenols contribute to health benefits, particularly in regulating glucose tolerance and reducing the risk of type II diabetes. Their review explains how polyphenols activate T2Rs in the GI tract, prompting the release of hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK) and incretins like GLP-1, which help regulate insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, and appetite. These GI hormones influence feeding behavior and GI motility, helping reduce the risk of obesity and diabetes.
In contrast to GLP-1 receptor agonists, which are absorbed and act on GLP-1 receptors in target organs but often cause unintended gastrointestinal disturbances and adverse effects on blood glucose, polyphenols offer a safer alternative. An essential characteristic of polyphenols is that they remain virtually absent in the bloodstream, causing fewer side effects while still stimulating GLP-1 secretion. As Professor Osakabe explains, "We believe that the intake of polyphenols, which are safer and show similar effects, is preferable. Given the above, there is potential to replace current GLP-1-targeted drugs."
The study highlights the potential of polyphenols to regulate blood sugar and appetite through hormone secretion, suggesting they could be a safer and effective alternative to existing GLP-1-targeted drugs for managing metabolic health, obesity, and diabetes.
Prof. Osakabe, the lead author, is an active member of the Polyphenols Applications community. She was a prominent speaker in 2022 and 2023, presenting her research on the effects of phenolic compounds on neuromodulation and the browning of adipose tissues.
